Ciência Florestal

(998 Artigos indexados)

AMOSTRAGEM DE DISCOS E USO DE EQUAÇÕES PARA ESTIMAR A DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA EM DIVERSAS FITOFISIONOMIAS - (2018)

Gabriel Marcos Vieira Oliveira, José Márcio de Mello, João Domingos Scalon, José Roberto Soares Scolforo, Thiago Campos Monteiro

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable number of discs, the best sampling positions along the stem and to propose equations to estimate the basic density of trees using a reduced number of discs in various phytophysiognomies, in order to subsidize biomass estimates. The detailed scaling data of the trees were obtained from the Forest Inventory of Minas Gerais state, and is composed by 1,325 trees distributed in regions, diameters and height classes and various forest formations. We took five discs from each at positions 0 (A), 25 (B), 50 (C) 75 (D) and 100% (E) of commercial height. The density of each disk was determined according to ABNT NBR 11.941 (2003) and the overall stem density from the arithmetic mean of the disc densities. Analyses were performed by regression analysis, the Akaike Information Criterion, Standard Error of the Estimate and graphical analysis of residuals. The results indicated that, in general, the best sampling position for estimating the basic density of stem wood with only one disc should be performed in the middle of the main stem, with two discs in positions 25 and 75% in height and with three discs at positions 0, 50 and 100% of the stem height. We also observed that the best estimate of stem density will always be given by the largest number of discs. However, it is possible to estimate the density of the trees with high precision, with a smaller number of discs provided that they are sampled at specific positions of the stem and inserted in the Equations according to each phytophysiology.

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ANÁLISE ERGONÔMICA DO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO NA FABRICAÇÃO DE FERRAMENTAS FLORESTAIS - (2018)

Pompeu Paes Guimarães, Nilton César Fiedler, José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira, Ângelo Marcio Pinto Leite, Julião Soares de Souza Lima

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This research aimed to evaluate the work environment in a tool manufacturing factory. This process involves the cutting activities, orvado, turning, forger, temper, cable insertion, grinding, welding and varnishing. To evaluate the thermal comfort was used IBUTG to measure the wind speed anemometer, lux meter to evaluate the brightness and decibel meter to analyse the exposure of workers to noise. The data ranged IBUTG on average 20.9°C at 27.3°C. The forger had the highest IBUTG values averaged over the entire production process. All activities had wind speeds below 0.75 m/s, being perfectly acceptable for the entire workday. The average luminance oscillated from 42.9 lux to 393.3 lux. The activities of varnish, temper, forger and cable insertion had average illuminance below 150 lux required throughout the workday. All activities presented noise above 85 dB(A), except the varnishing and cutting. Noise levels ranged on average of 79.7 dB(A) in varnishing at 8 hours 95.7 dB (A), in the grinding at 13 hours.

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ANÁLISIS DEL CAMBIO TEMPORAL Y ESPACIAL DEL USO DEL SUELO EN LA REGIÓN CENTRO-SUR DE CHILE - (2018)

Gastón Vergara Díaz, Víctor Sandoval Vázquez, Miguel Ángel Herrera Machuca

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. La investigación estudia el cambio temporal y espacial del uso del suelo en la Región del Bio- Bio (Centro-Sur de Chile), para el periodo 1998 y 2008. Se utilizó la cobertura digital del monitoreo nacional del año 1998 y fotografías aéreas para el año 2008, posteriormente se construyeron matrices que explican el cambio y transiciones entre los diferentes usos del territorio. Las superficies con plantaciones crecieron a una tasa anual de 2,5 %, incremento generado por el consumo de praderas y matorrales en 21 %, terrenos agrícolas 14 %, bosque mixto 8,8 %, humedales en 1,6 % y bosque nativo en menor medida 1,1 %. Las praderas y matorrales presentaron una pérdida a una tasa de 2,5 % anual, la causa principal se debe a la transferencia de este uso a plantaciones con un 21 % y a otros usos como terrenos agrícolas 2 %. Los terrenos agrícolas perdieron superficie con una tasa anual de 1,5 %, terrenos que incrementaron a las plantaciones en 14 %, los humedales perdieron superficie con tasa de 0,4 %, la superficie se trasladó a las áreas urbanas e industriales en 2,6 % y plantaciones en 1,6 %. La principal presión para ocupar superficie corresponde a las plantaciones, debido a que la Región del Bio-Bio representa la mayor cantidad de superficie (858.592 ha) de plantaciones exóticas del país.

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ARQUITETURA E ESTRUTURA VERTICAL DA COMUNIDADE ARBÓREA DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SUBTROPICAL - (2018)

Malcon do Prado Costa, Solon Jonas Longhi, Alessandro Abreu Fávero

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study proposed stipulate the limits and characterize the vertical strata, observing the regularity of the distribution of species abundance, on height gradient of the trees in forest. Data were obtained from fourteen plots (20m x 100m) distributed systematically, registering the species and the total height of the trees with circuference at breast height (CBH) ≥30 cm. The strata were defined from the cluster analysis. We conducted a redundancy analysis (RDA) between species abundance and architectural models, in the vertical strata. For the species distribution in vertical strata was used detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The community is comprised of four vertical strata. According to the study there was a relationship between the species of the architectural models with the vertical structure of the forest, thus observing that there are strategies of canopy occupation among species according to the architectural model studied. The architectural models with preferential occupancy by certain strata were those of Aubréville for the understorey and the one of Prévost for the emergent strata. Other species presented a wide distribution in the vertical strata of the forest, having no preferential distribution in the vertical structure. Being the models of Massart, Rauh, Roux, Champagnat and Troll, essentials for conformation of the forest arquitecture.

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ÁRVORES DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL URBANO EM SANTA CATARINA, SUL DO BRASIL: FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA - (2018)

Guilherme Alves Elias, Humberto de Bona Martins, Alexandra Rocha Vinholes, Birgit Harter Marques, Vanilde Citadini Zanette, Robson dos Santos

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study aimed to carry out a floristic and structural survey of an urban forest fragment at ‘Parque Ecológico Municipal José Milanese’, in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, emphasizing the importance of this fragment for the conservation of endangered species. Survey consisted in the installation of 100 contiguous plots of 10 × 10 m in Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest, all tree species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were sampled. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) species were recorded, being Myrtaceae the richest family. Cryptocarya moschata Nees & Mart. presented the highest value of importance, mainly due to the larger diameter of its stems, followed by Psychotria vellosiana Benth., Myrcia pubipetala Miq. and Guatteria australis A.St.-Hil., evidencing the possibility of their use in ecological restoration programs in forest fragments of the region. We concluded that the fragment studied has a high specific richness when compared to others in the region, making it an important source of propagules for adjacent areas. In addition, the knowledge produced from this study may provide alternatives for use and management in similar areas, or even altered forest environments, in general.

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ATRIBUTOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS E ESTRUTURA DE COMUNIDADES BACTERIANAS COMO INDICADORES DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO EM PLANTIOS FLORESTAIS NA MATA ATLÂNTICA - (2018)

Andressa Danielli Canei, Anabel González Hernández, Diana M. L. Morales, Emanuela P. da Silva, Luiz F. Souza, Arcangelo Loss, Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Maurício Sedrez dos Reis, Cláudio R. F. S. Soares

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. In Brazil, in order to minimize the impact of native forest exploitation for commercial purposes, forest plantations have been implemented mainly with exotic species. The evaluation of these crops as to the environmental impact on attributes that can guarantee their productivity has received more attention in the last years, and in this context, the study of microbiological attributes. This paper assesses the impact of Pinus sp. (pinus) and Araucaria angustifolia (araucária) forest plantations on the microbiological soil attributes and the structure of bacterial communities, which can act as indicators of soil quality. Soil samples have been collected on three areas of the National Forest of Três Barras, in Santa Catarina (SC) state: one area of native forest (F), one area of reforestation with araucária (A) and one area of reforestation with pinus (P). Later on, the soil was chemically and physically characterized and the microbiological analyses were performed, as basal respiration, β-glucosidase and fosfatase enzymatic activity and analysis of bacterial community structure by PCR-DGGE. Low fertility was presented on all three soils collected, highlighting the importance of microorganisms in order to maintain this environment. The β-glucosidase and fosfatase enzymatic activity were higher on the areas F and A, suggesting a higher presence of important microorganisms for nutrients cycling. The analysis of the bacteria community structure resulted in low distinction between the pinus and the araucária areas. This paper presents that based on the microbiological attributes and structure of bacterial communities of soil, in forest plantations of the Atlantic Forest, it is possible to conclude that araucária is the best alternative for reforestation, aiming the maintenance of soil quality.

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AVALIAÇÃO E EFICIÊNCIA DO CCB NA MADEIRA DE Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. PELO MÉTODO DA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE SEIVA - (2018)

Sócrattes Martins Araújo de Azevêdo, Leandro Calegari, Elisabeth de Oliveira, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Juarez Benigno Paes, Carlos Roberto de Lima

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. In this study, penetration and retention of the preservative chromated copper borate (CCB) in round pieces of algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC) were evaluated when subjected to the sap substitution method. Sixteen trunks were randomly selected and divided into four groups. The first group underwent preservative solution 2 hours after felling (called “normal”); the second group underwent preservative solution 24 hours after the cutting down (called “posterior”); the third group was kept immersed in water for 15 days before being subjected to the preservative solution (called “immersed”); the fourth group was not subjected to preservation. After the end of the preservation process, disks were obtained at three different positions of each trunk (base, middle and top) for the evaluation of the parameters of penetration and retention. For analysis of the penetration, colorimetric reactions were used as well as the reviews of the boron and copper elements. Analyses for retaining the elements chromium, copper, and boron were carried out by spectrophotometry. It used a completely randomized factorial design with four replications (round wood) considering two design factors: Situation and Position. The situation factor consisted of three levels (immediate, posterior, immersed), and the position factor (base, middle, top). The effect of the main factors and their interactions, along with the comparison of means, were analyzed considering 5% of probability. The results indicated that pieces that were kept submerged before being submitted to the preservative treatment showed significant improvement in their treatability, maintaining an even distribution of the chemical elements along its length.

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CARACTERIZAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DA MADEIRA DE HÍBRIDOS DE EUCALIPTO IRRIGADOS E FERTIRRIGADOS - (2018)

Patrícia Kerlly Ramalho Martins Benites, Adriano da Silva Lopes, Adriana de Fátima Gomes Gouvêa, Fabiana Câmara da Silva, Carla Carolline Borges de Souza

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of irrigation and fertirrigation on the wood technological properties of the hybrids of Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis) and Eucalyptus grancam (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis), aiming at the production of cellulose and charcoal. Analyses were carried out with a completely randomized experimental design, arranged in a factorial scheme with two factors: hybrids (Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grancam) and irrigation (fertirrigated microaspersion, microaspersion, fertirrigated drip irrigation, drip irrigation and control treatment). Basic wood density, insoluble lignin content, total extractive content, holocellulose, ashes and morphological characterization of the fibers were analyzed in four trees per hybrid at 45 months. The effect of the interaction hybrid x irrigation was significant at 5% probability for the analyzed variables, with the exception of the insoluble lignin content and the Runkel index. Irrigation and fertirrigation did not influence the basic wood density and the insoluble lignin content of Eucalyptus urograndis. The total extractive content was reduced with the application of fertirrigation. In general, there was no influence of silvicultural treatments on fiber size. Given the results presented, it has been concluded that Eucalyptus grancam presents greater sensitivity to the application of irrigation and fertirrigation, which can be applied to both hybrids, Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grancam, without damaging their technological properties.

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CHUVA DE SEMENTES E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS EM FLORESTA TROPICAL NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL - (2018)

Joselane Príscila Gomes da Silva, Luiz Carlos Marangon, Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Mechanisms of natural regeneration are fundamental for ecological function restoration in forest fragments and degraded areas. The present work aimed to evaluate the seed rain and the establishment of seedlings of arboreal species in the Atlantic Forest, located in the northeast of Brazil. For sampling of the seed rain, 60 collectors were allocated (area of 0.196 m2), being equidistant, approximately, 50 m. The samples were collected at intervals of 30 days for a period of 12 months. To evaluate the establishment of seedlings, subplots were allocated next to the collectors, totaling 60 subplots of 0.25 m2 each. The arboreal individuals identified by the diaspores collected in the seed rain and by the seedlings established in the fragment were counted and classified for the dispersion syndrome and successional group. The seed rain was represented by 60 morphospecies and 20 botanical families. The ecological group and the predominant dispersion syndrome were of early secondary and zoocoric species, respectively. In relation to the established seedlings, 122 seedlings were counted, being Tapirira guianensis L. with higher number of seedlings. The rainfall of seeds presents potential for the maintenance of the forest dynamics due to the high species richness that compose the current vegetation. Being predominantly composed of species that produce abundant fruits with zoocoric dispersion that serve as food for fauna. While few seeds germinate to form the seedling bank, most of them are contributing to seed bank formation.

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CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL SEGUNDO O SISTEMA DE ZONAS DE VIDA DE HOLDRIDGE - (2018)

Diego Augusto Valério, Andressa Tres, Alexandre França Tetto, Ronaldo Viana Soares, William Thomaz Wendling

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Climate is the synthesis of meteorological elements observed during a long time and it has a close relationship with vegetation. Holdridge climatic classification defines representative life zones by different regions on Earth, which explain all these meteorological elements. Therefore, this study has aimed a classification of Rio Grande do Sul state according to Holdridge life zone system by seeking to compare with Köppen climate classification system and vegetation that occurs in the state. That was possible to calculate and determine the life zones for the 496 cities of the state by a minimal sequence of not continuous 25 years of rain and temperature data from 1950 to 1990. Thereby eight life zones were found for the state, which ones has detached: temperate moist forest (74,0%); temperate wet forest/moist forest (13,8%); temperate moist forest/wet forest (8,0%). Holdridge and Köppen relation has shown correlation above 90% in seven of the eight life zones found (87,5% of the state territory), predominantly with climatic type Cfa (humid subtropical, without dry season, with hot summer). Steppe and Steppe-Savanna regions got correlation of 100% with life zone temperate wet forest and its respective transition zones with temperate moist forest. Holdridge life zones system has shown an important tool for agriculture and forestry zoning in this state once there was a satisfied interaction while comparing with Köppen climate classification system and some phytogeographies.

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COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E POTENCIAL DE REGENERAÇÃO DA MATA CILIAR REMANESCENTE DE UM TRIBUTÁRIO DO VACACAÍ-MIRIM, SANTA MARIA - RS - (2018)

Denise Ester Ceconi, Igor Poletto, Simone Martini Salvador, Daniel Gustavo Allasia Piccilli

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This work aimed to evaluate the floristic composition of the remaining riparian forest of a stream called ‘Sanga Lagoão do Ouro’, seeking to obtain information about its degradation, analyzing the distribution of the species in the different floristic strata, the natural regeneration and the exotic species presence. The study was conducted at the riparian forest of ‘Sanga Lagoão do Ouro’, which is tributary of the third order of ‘Vacacaí-mirim’ River. Its spring is located in an urban area, covering several villages, the campus of Federal University of Santa Maria as well as an extensive rural area. The predominant soils are classified as: Bruno-Grayish (Bruno-Acinzentados), Red-Yellow (Vermelho-Amarelos) and Red (Vermelhos) Alfisols (Argissolos) and Udalf soil (Planossolos Háplicos), which are of low natural fertility and quite susceptible to water erosion. The floristic surveying was accomplished in 12 sampling plots of 300 m2 each, demarcated along the margin of the stream where the strata were evaluated: seedlings, natural regeneration and arboreal. The floristic survey shows degradation of the studied riparian forest, which is evidenced by the low number of native species, the poor distribution of the species in the different strata and the great presence of exotic species. The species that present the highest frequency and which appear in the three floristic strata mentioned in this study have greater for natural regeneration, such as: Eugenia uniflora, Allophylus edulis, Psidium guajava, Cestrum strigilatum, Prunus myrtifolia, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Casearia sylvestris, Cupania vernalis and Schinus terebinthifolius.

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COMUNIDADES DE ÁRVORES NA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL MONTANA DO PICO DO JABRE, PARAÍBA - (2018)

Maria do Carmo Learth Cunha, Manoel Cláudio da Silva Júnior

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study was done on a Seasonal Semideciduous Montane Forest located at Pico do Jabre state Park (06° 02’12’’ S and 34° 45’12’’ W) between Maturéia and Mãe D’água (PB) municipalities, placed 360 km from the sea and includes the highest regional elevation (1197 m). It aims to investigate tree spatial distribution of populations and its association to local environmental factors to test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of species along topographical gradient reflects different communities. To reach this target UPGMA, TWINSPAN and the indicator species analysis were complementarily applied, with significance of VI by Monte Carlo test. The results showed two floristic communities: PP including preserved plots and PAR colonizing disturbed and rocky plots. To highlight PP and PAR floristic differences a separated phytosociological analysis was run. Results showed distinct richness, diversity, density, low similarity and high beta diversity among communities. Byrsonima nitidifolia, and Maytenus distichophylla were found as PP indicator species and Eugenia ligustrina, Erythroxylum mucronatum and Myrciaria floribunda as PP preferential. There were no PAR indicator species. Miracrodruon urundeuva and Sapium glandulosum stood out as PAR preferential species. The indicator species analysis showed five as preserved environment and three for disturbed/rocky environment indicators, as well as, floristic and structural differences along communities, formed according to human activities and rockyness.

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CONCENTRAÇÃO REGIONAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE LENHA DA PARAÍBA - (2018)

Luiz Moreira Coelho, Mariana de Castro Burgos, Edvaldo Pereira Santos Júnior

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This paper analyzed the regional concentration of firewood production in Paraíba state, from 1994 to 2014. The data on the quantity of native firewood produced were extracted from the production of the vegetal extraction and forestry available at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). The regional concentration was determined through the indicators: Concentration Ratio CR(k), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), of Theil’s Entropy index (E), the Hall-Tindelman Index (HTI) and the Gini Index (G). From the analyzes carried out in this study, it was concluded that during the period studied there was a reduction in the production of firewood in Paraíba state, due to the performance of the inspection and environmental agencies, from 1,173,383 m3 in 1994 to 484,142 m3 in 2014; The CR(k) of the firewood production in Paraíba for the 4 largest microregions presented a moderately low concentration and for the 8 largest microregions it was characterized as moderately high; for municipalities demonstrated low concentration and competitive market; the HHI for the municipalities and microregions showed low concentration indicating a highly competitive market. In the mesoregions, there was a moderate concentration of firewood production; and E showed similar behaviors between municipalities and microregions showing low concentration. The mesoregion had little competition among the firewood regions, inferring moderate concentration, thus corroborating HHI; HTI also presented low concentration at regional levels (municipalities, microregions and mesoregions), indicating high competition as the other indicators; the G showed inequality from zero to weak for the municipalities, it obtained weak inequality in the microregions, and medium to strong inequality in the mesoregions.

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CRESCIMENTO DE Solanum lycocarpum St.-Hil. EM FUNÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL E ORGÂNICA EM REJEITO DA MINERAÇÃO DE QUARTZITO 1 - (2018)

Cristiany Silva Amaral, Enilson de Barros Silva, Israel Marinho Pereira, Wander Gladson Amaral, Vinicius de Morais Machado

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. In order to evaluate the behavior of Solanum lycocarpum, grown in sterile tailings, from mining of quartzite under the influence of mineral and organic fertilization to support actions for the recovery of exploration areas of quartzite, it was conducted an experiment in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications The treatments consisted of five combinations of mineral (MF) and organic (OF) fertilizer and an additional treatment of the sterile reject without MF and OF (Witness). The combinations were: 0%OF/100%MF; 25%OF/75%MF; 50%OF/50%MF; 75%OF/25%MF; 100%OF/0% MF. Doses of 100% MF and OF were de 150 mg de N, 140 mg de P, 150 mg de K, e 5 g bovine manure per dm3 of sterile. The Solanum lycocarpum responded to mineral fertilization with the recommended doses of 36 mg N, 33,6 mg P e 36 mg K e 3,8 g bovine manure per dm3 of sterile tailings from mining of quartzite. The accumulation of nutrients in the species Solanum lycocarpum at recommended doses in the following order was on the shoot: N> K > Ca > P > S > Mg >Mn> B > Fe > Cu > Zn with fertilization mineral and organic for maximum growth of the of species.

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DEMANDA DE MADEIRA PARA SERRARIAS E POTENCIAL DE INVESTIMENTO FLORESTAL NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARDO, RS, BRASIL - (2018)

Jorge Antonio de Farias, Leonardo Job Biali, Carline Andréa Welter, Pábulo Diogo de Souza, Paulo Renato Schneider

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the demand for timber from the sawmills and to analyze the financial feasibility of establishing a forest base that meets the idle processing capacity. The study was conducted in the central portion of Rio Grande do Sul state, comprising 13 municipalities that constitute the Rio Pardo watershed. Data collection was done through interviews with farmers and sawmill owners. The sawmills of the region were evaluated as to their timber consumption and installed capacity, respectively amounting to 7,005 m3.month-1 and 12,330 m3.month-1, with an idle capacity of approximately 63,900 m3.year-1. The supply of 30,336 m3.year-1 is carried out by suppliers from other regions. This shows the need for 1,836 hectares for meeting the annual demand. The replacement of raw material imports and a better use of the idle capacity would translate into the creation of 55 jobs in forest production activities and 471 jobs in the industries. According to the financial analysis by Monte Carlo Method, the annual income generated by the enterprise would reach approximately R$ 1,756,347.00, corresponding to a harvest area estimated at 122.40 hectares, across the municipalities of the region.

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DENDROCRONOLOGIA, INCREMENTO E MANEJO FLORESTAL EM FLORESTA DE ARAUCÁRIA-SC - (2018)

André Felipe Hess, Pollyni Ricken, Lucas Dalmolin Ciarnoschi

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Sustainable management is of extreme importance for future preservation, multiple use, profitable production and enhancement of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Thus, with the width measures of the increment rings, it is possible to adjust the growth of species over time, to obtain the cutting cycle, plan the production and manage the species. The objectives of this study were to study the increase in diameter to Araucaria, model the growth on the size and correlate the increase in competition indices to promote the sustainable management of the species. Therefore, the forest was inventoried using systematic sampling process, with 25 plots of 400m2 and collected the dendrometric information, morphometric and increase with use of dendrochronology of 121 trees distributed in three diameter classes. The species showed diameter increment variable with age and negative correlation with the competition indices. The temporal structure in diameter based on the dynamics of its annual average increment showed an increase of 74.42 % in the number of individuals in commercial classes for a period of 25 years. The species showed an average increment in diameter of 0.708 cm.ano-1 and a viable cut rate of 36.59 m3 ha-1 for one cycle between cuts of 25 years.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL E EFICIÊNCIA DE USO DE ÁGUA E NITROGÊNIO POR MUDAS DE Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Tabebuia impetiginosa E Toona ciliata - (2018)

Anderson Fernandes Souza, Elio de Oliveira Rocha Junior, Valdemir Antônio Laura

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The knowledge about the early development of seedlings is critical to the success of reforestation and planting in natural forests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial development and efficiency of water and nitrogen use by seedlings of four native and exotic species (Calophyllum brasiliense (native), Eucalyptus urograndis (exotic), Toona ciliata (exotic) and Tabebuia impetiginosa (native)) with age of approximately 120 days after sowing for 120 days after transplantation in green-house conditions. Destructive samples were carried out to assess the dry biomass (Leaf, Stem, Root and Total), leaf area, the root shoot ratio and total nitrogen in seedlings. Based on these variables, it was calculated the physiological parameters of growth and efficiency of water use, which was obtained by the ratio between the total dry biomass accumulation and evapotranspiration of vessels in the period, determined by daily weighing in a balance bench. At the end of 240 days after sowing, Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa produced more total biomass and Toona ciliata showed higher root shoot ratio. There were no differences between the relative growth rate of the species evaluated. Eucalyptus urograndis, Toona ciliata and Calophyllum brasiliense showed the highest values of leaf area ratio, Toona ciliata, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of specific leaf area, Eucalyptus urograndis and Calophyllum brasiliense show the highest values for leaf mass ratio and Tabebuia impetiginosa, Toona ciliata and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of net assimilation rate. Based on quantification of total nitrogen, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Toona ciliata were the most efficient species in the use of nitrogen. Eucalyptus urograndis presented the highest evapotranspiration while Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa were the most efficient species in water use.

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DINÂMICA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DE CELULOSE QUÍMICA (1990 - 2010) - (2018)

Thiago Ramos Costa, Rosalina Zefanias Mahanzule, Giovanna Paiva Aguiar, João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of concentration and inequality of Brazilian exports of chemical cellulose. Secondary data of value and quantity of Brazilian exports were used, comprising the period between 1990 and 2010. Using this data, the following indexes have been calculated: concentration ratio (CR4 and CR8), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Gini. For the Gini index of inequality and the concentration ratios CR4 and CR8, the years 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively, marked the end of the downfall levels of inequality and concentration. The HHI had a similar behavior, but in 2006 presented the lowest value. Thereafter, the rates tended to increase but did not reach the levels of the beginning of the period. Overall, the results showed a decrease in the export concentration as well as an increase in the number of trading partners. There was also an increase in the amount exported, as well as in the volume and unit price, during the period. The calculated indexes are variables associated with the ability of industry competition and based on the results they indicate that the national pulp became more competitive over time.

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EFEITO INIBITÓRIO in vitro DE EXTRATOS DE Cinnamomum zeylanicum BLUME NO CONTROLE DE Cylindrocladium candelabrum - (2018)

Ediellen Mayara Corrêa Gomes, Anderson Vasconcelos Firmino, Rosângela da Conceição Marques Pena, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The incidence of the fungus Cylindrocladium candelabrum, causal agent of diseases in eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil increased significantly, demanding the use fungicides for its controlled. However, pesticides cause environmental contamination and damage to the health of living organisms. Thus, the present study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on mycelial growth of Cylindrocladium candelabrum. The extracts were obtained by percolation with the solvents hexano (EBH), ethyl acetate (EBAcoEt) or methanol (EBM). The phytochemical analyses were based on the conditions established in the Manual for Phytochemical and Chromatographic Analysis of Plant Extract. In order to evaluate the effect of the extracts on mycelial growth inhibition, the following treatments were used: control, consisting of culture medium with no extracts (negative control); concentrations of 5, 10 or 20 mg mL-1 of the crude extracts of cinnamon; and 5 mL of Chlorothalonil fungicide (positive control), all incorporated into the PDA (Potato-Destrose-Agar) culture medium. The results of the phytochemical study identified reducing sugars, phenols, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids for EBH and EBAcoEt extracts. EBM extract differentiated by the presence of anthraquinones, foamy saponins and flavonoids. The crude extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum presented significant differences in relation to the control treatments. The greater the concentration of crude extract, the greater the antifungal activity in the phytopathogen, and the treatment with EBM was more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the phytopathogen. Therefore, the inhibitory action of Cinnamomum zeylanicum crude extracts on the mycelial growth of Cylindrocladium candelabrum was demonstrated; however, further studies must be done, such as in vivo tests, to better understand the efficacy of these extracts.

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FAUNA DE FORMIGAS EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DE USINA HIDROELÉTRICA - (2018)

Junir Antônio Lutinski, Carin Guarda, Cladis Juliana Lutinski, Maria Assunta Busato, Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Permanent preservation areas contribute to the recovery of impacted environments and Formicidae is a potentially bioindicator group, used to describe the structural complexity of habitats. In this context, the study aimed to characterize the diversity of ant assemblages that occur in sites with different soil use history in the APP of Foz do Chapecó HPP reservoir, as well as to evaluate the similarity of ant assemblages according to the sampled sites. Sampling was carried out in January 2017 at five sites, three in Santa Catarina state and two in Rio Grande do Sul state. Pitfall, entomological umbrella, sardine bait, glucose bait and manual collection were used. Assemblies were characterized and compared through richness, abundance, diversity of Shannon-Weaver (H’), Equitability (J’) and estimated richness (Chao 1). A total of 101 species were sampled. The average of the estimates indicated that richness may be 86.7% greater than that sampled, while the diversity parameters indicated differences between the assemblies. Diversity indices showed divergence of 39.7% between the more and less diverse assemblies. The richness observed in this study reiterates the potential of the use of ants as bioindicators of the state of environmental conservation, adds important information on the richness and occurrence of ants for the region and presents, above all, an inventory of the species of ants present in an area of APP in a regeneration process that can serve as parameter for subsequent evaluations.

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GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS DO SETOR DE BASE FLORESTAL NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM, PARÁ - (2018)

Wilson Fernandes Ramos, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim, Larissa Melo de Sousa

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The forest based industry is relevant to the world’s economy, since its primary and secondary products are used as raw material for other sectors and services generating employment and income for the population and taxes for the state. In Brazil, the forest industry stands out for the wealth of wood, but it generates a high amount of waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity and the factors responsible for the production of wood residues from the forest-based industries of the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará state. For this purpose, a total of 120 companies were considered that carried out primary and secondary processing, as well as furniture. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied in a sample of 31 companies and observations in loco. The variables were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. It was verified that the companies generated a total of 12.3 thousand m3/month, with a mean of 398.9 m3/month of waste. The number of timber species influenced the amount of waste. It can be concluded from the comparison with other researches with this same theme that the companies generate a significant amount of waste as a consequence of the number of species processed.

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Leptocybe invasa (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) ON Eucalyptus SEEDLINGS IN SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL - (2018)

Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Angelo Peruffo Rodrigues, Amanda Rodrigues de Souza, Barbara de Oliveira Puretz, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, José Cola Zanuncio

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), native from Australia, can severely damage eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plants. This insect was found on Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in May 2015, in Treze de Maio municipality in Santa Catarina state, Brazil.

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LIMITAÇÕES NA PRODUÇÃO DE VINHÁTICO (Plathymenia reticulata Benth) POR MINIESTAQUIA - (2018)

Sara Edy Gomes Lima Pessanha, Deborah Guerra Barroso, Thaís Chagas Barros, Taiane Pires de Freitas de Oliveira, Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de Carvalho, Maura da Cunha

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Vinatic (Plathymenia reticulata Benth.) is one of the native species of Brazil, of economic and environmental interest. Its propagation has been carried out by seeds, however, the difficult access to the matrices, long intervals of fruiting and difficulty of storage, emphasize the importance of techniques that allow the clonal propagation of the species. Studies conducted with vinatic minitumps, coming from seedlings have shown that although the ministumps show good sprouting, the minicutting rooting is very low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of vinatic seedlings by minicutting using different management to induce rooting. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and, in the first experiment, the minitumps were obtained from seedlings produced from progenies of eleven matrices, from which the successive collection of minicuttings was promoted, these being submitted to different concentrations of the IBA growth regulator (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 and 8.000 mg.L-1). In the second experiment, light management (shading at buds base and total shading of minitump) and nutrient were used, with nitrogen application (4 g.L-1 urea) in the minitumps. The minicuttings produced were evaluated for rooting capacity and anatomy at the base of the minicuttings. In the first experiment there was a variation of survival and tip pruning tolerance among the progenies of the matrices analyzed, with emphasis on progeny of the DOM matrix, which presented the highest survival percentage in the first collection (88,2%), and a sensitivity of NELI, ZE1 and ZE2 progenies to the management in the clonal minigarden. Vinatic responded positively to the successive collection of sprouts, with an increase in the number of sprouts produced from the fourth month of collection (210 days). There was no significant effect on rooting of vinatic plants when submitted to increasing concentrations of IBA, nor on the type of light and nitrogen management used to stimulate the minicuttings rooting. No anatomical barriers were observed to the rooting of the minicuttings in the different managements evaluated.

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MÉTODOS DE CONTROLE DE BRAQUIÁRIA (Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) EM ÁREA DE RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE MATA RIPÁRIA, DF - (2018)

Juliene Brito Martins Barbosa, Willian Barros Gomes, Juaci Vitória Malaquias, Fabiana de Gois Aquino, Lidiamar Barbosa de Albuquerque

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Although Brachiaria is an important forage grass for many regions of Brazil, when it occurs in native areas, represents a problem for the functioning of natural ecosystems and threats to plant diversity. The objective was to evaluate three methods of control of Brachiaria, using cover plants and plastic coverage. The study was carried out in banks of Ponte Alta River, Gama, DF, Brazil, an area in process of restoration. The experimental design was three complete randomized blocks in a factorial (4 types of treatments x 2 times), with three replications. The treatments were installed in March/2013 (1st) and December/2013 (2nd), as follows: T1 - planting peanut-forage seedlings (Arachis pintoi Krapov W.C. & Greg.); T2 - plastic coverage (1.20 m x 2 m); T3 - seeding of Stylosanthes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata Vogel + Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa) and T4 - control. The monthly monitoring of the percentage of coverage of the plants was conducted. The percentage of coverage was compared between the two periods and between the treatments by ANOVA and Tukey test. In the first period, there were no significant differences in grass cover among treatments, except for control, which was higher (88.85%). In the second period, the treatments differed among themselves, with less grass cover in plastic coverage (11.65%) and Stylosanthes (19%). The plastic coverage and Stylosanthes (high density) were the most efficient treatments for the control of grass, regardless of period. Native species with potential for the control of aggressive alien species can assist the ecological restoration.

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MINIESTAQUIA DE ERVA-MATE EM QUATRO ÉPOCAS DO ANO - (2018)

Francielen Paola de Sá, Deborah Cristina Portes, Ivar Wendling, Katia Christina Zuffellato Ribas

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Ilex paraguariensis is a forest species that has multiple potentialities, being used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the seminal propagation of the species is difficult due to its low (below 20%) and non-uniform germination and the long period (four to six months) stratification of seeds needed for the breaking of embryo dormancy. The minicutting technique is an alternative to overcome such limitations, therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of yerba mate minicuttings collected at different seasons (July/2014 to May/2015). Minicuttings were prepared with 6 cm (± 1 cm) long and two leaves reduced by half and, the basal portion of the propagules was immersed for 10 second in different hydroalcoholic solutions of IBA (0,200,400,6000 and 8000 mg L-1). After 90 days of installation of the experiments, we evaluated the percentage of rooting, root number and average length of three major roots, percentage of callogenesis, leaf retention, developed shoots and mortality. The spring was the most promising season, providing approximately 70% of rooting and coupled the application of 8000 mg L-1 of the IBA the minicuttings reached the greatest length (4.3 cm) and root number (9.1) as well as the lower callus induction rate (0%). The minicutting collection in the spring and 8000 mg L-1 of the IBA is the most indicated for minicutting technique of yerba mate.

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