Ciência Florestal

(998 Artigos indexados)

DENDROCRONOLOGIA, INCREMENTO E MANEJO FLORESTAL EM FLORESTA DE ARAUCÁRIA-SC - (2018)

André Felipe Hess, Pollyni Ricken, Lucas Dalmolin Ciarnoschi

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Sustainable management is of extreme importance for future preservation, multiple use, profitable production and enhancement of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Thus, with the width measures of the increment rings, it is possible to adjust the growth of species over time, to obtain the cutting cycle, plan the production and manage the species. The objectives of this study were to study the increase in diameter to Araucaria, model the growth on the size and correlate the increase in competition indices to promote the sustainable management of the species. Therefore, the forest was inventoried using systematic sampling process, with 25 plots of 400m2 and collected the dendrometric information, morphometric and increase with use of dendrochronology of 121 trees distributed in three diameter classes. The species showed diameter increment variable with age and negative correlation with the competition indices. The temporal structure in diameter based on the dynamics of its annual average increment showed an increase of 74.42 % in the number of individuals in commercial classes for a period of 25 years. The species showed an average increment in diameter of 0.708 cm.ano-1 and a viable cut rate of 36.59 m3 ha-1 for one cycle between cuts of 25 years.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL E EFICIÊNCIA DE USO DE ÁGUA E NITROGÊNIO POR MUDAS DE Calophyllum brasiliense, Eucalyptus urograndis, Tabebuia impetiginosa E Toona ciliata - (2018)

Anderson Fernandes Souza, Elio de Oliveira Rocha Junior, Valdemir Antônio Laura

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The knowledge about the early development of seedlings is critical to the success of reforestation and planting in natural forests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial development and efficiency of water and nitrogen use by seedlings of four native and exotic species (Calophyllum brasiliense (native), Eucalyptus urograndis (exotic), Toona ciliata (exotic) and Tabebuia impetiginosa (native)) with age of approximately 120 days after sowing for 120 days after transplantation in green-house conditions. Destructive samples were carried out to assess the dry biomass (Leaf, Stem, Root and Total), leaf area, the root shoot ratio and total nitrogen in seedlings. Based on these variables, it was calculated the physiological parameters of growth and efficiency of water use, which was obtained by the ratio between the total dry biomass accumulation and evapotranspiration of vessels in the period, determined by daily weighing in a balance bench. At the end of 240 days after sowing, Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa produced more total biomass and Toona ciliata showed higher root shoot ratio. There were no differences between the relative growth rate of the species evaluated. Eucalyptus urograndis, Toona ciliata and Calophyllum brasiliense showed the highest values of leaf area ratio, Toona ciliata, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of specific leaf area, Eucalyptus urograndis and Calophyllum brasiliense show the highest values for leaf mass ratio and Tabebuia impetiginosa, Toona ciliata and Eucalyptus urograndis showed the highest values of net assimilation rate. Based on quantification of total nitrogen, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Toona ciliata were the most efficient species in the use of nitrogen. Eucalyptus urograndis presented the highest evapotranspiration while Calophyllum brasiliense and Tabebuia impetiginosa were the most efficient species in water use.

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DINÂMICA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DE CELULOSE QUÍMICA (1990 - 2010) - (2018)

Thiago Ramos Costa, Rosalina Zefanias Mahanzule, Giovanna Paiva Aguiar, João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of concentration and inequality of Brazilian exports of chemical cellulose. Secondary data of value and quantity of Brazilian exports were used, comprising the period between 1990 and 2010. Using this data, the following indexes have been calculated: concentration ratio (CR4 and CR8), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Gini. For the Gini index of inequality and the concentration ratios CR4 and CR8, the years 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively, marked the end of the downfall levels of inequality and concentration. The HHI had a similar behavior, but in 2006 presented the lowest value. Thereafter, the rates tended to increase but did not reach the levels of the beginning of the period. Overall, the results showed a decrease in the export concentration as well as an increase in the number of trading partners. There was also an increase in the amount exported, as well as in the volume and unit price, during the period. The calculated indexes are variables associated with the ability of industry competition and based on the results they indicate that the national pulp became more competitive over time.

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EFEITO INIBITÓRIO in vitro DE EXTRATOS DE Cinnamomum zeylanicum BLUME NO CONTROLE DE Cylindrocladium candelabrum - (2018)

Ediellen Mayara Corrêa Gomes, Anderson Vasconcelos Firmino, Rosângela da Conceição Marques Pena, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The incidence of the fungus Cylindrocladium candelabrum, causal agent of diseases in eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil increased significantly, demanding the use fungicides for its controlled. However, pesticides cause environmental contamination and damage to the health of living organisms. Thus, the present study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on mycelial growth of Cylindrocladium candelabrum. The extracts were obtained by percolation with the solvents hexano (EBH), ethyl acetate (EBAcoEt) or methanol (EBM). The phytochemical analyses were based on the conditions established in the Manual for Phytochemical and Chromatographic Analysis of Plant Extract. In order to evaluate the effect of the extracts on mycelial growth inhibition, the following treatments were used: control, consisting of culture medium with no extracts (negative control); concentrations of 5, 10 or 20 mg mL-1 of the crude extracts of cinnamon; and 5 mL of Chlorothalonil fungicide (positive control), all incorporated into the PDA (Potato-Destrose-Agar) culture medium. The results of the phytochemical study identified reducing sugars, phenols, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids for EBH and EBAcoEt extracts. EBM extract differentiated by the presence of anthraquinones, foamy saponins and flavonoids. The crude extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum presented significant differences in relation to the control treatments. The greater the concentration of crude extract, the greater the antifungal activity in the phytopathogen, and the treatment with EBM was more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the phytopathogen. Therefore, the inhibitory action of Cinnamomum zeylanicum crude extracts on the mycelial growth of Cylindrocladium candelabrum was demonstrated; however, further studies must be done, such as in vivo tests, to better understand the efficacy of these extracts.

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FAUNA DE FORMIGAS EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DE USINA HIDROELÉTRICA - (2018)

Junir Antônio Lutinski, Carin Guarda, Cladis Juliana Lutinski, Maria Assunta Busato, Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Permanent preservation areas contribute to the recovery of impacted environments and Formicidae is a potentially bioindicator group, used to describe the structural complexity of habitats. In this context, the study aimed to characterize the diversity of ant assemblages that occur in sites with different soil use history in the APP of Foz do Chapecó HPP reservoir, as well as to evaluate the similarity of ant assemblages according to the sampled sites. Sampling was carried out in January 2017 at five sites, three in Santa Catarina state and two in Rio Grande do Sul state. Pitfall, entomological umbrella, sardine bait, glucose bait and manual collection were used. Assemblies were characterized and compared through richness, abundance, diversity of Shannon-Weaver (H’), Equitability (J’) and estimated richness (Chao 1). A total of 101 species were sampled. The average of the estimates indicated that richness may be 86.7% greater than that sampled, while the diversity parameters indicated differences between the assemblies. Diversity indices showed divergence of 39.7% between the more and less diverse assemblies. The richness observed in this study reiterates the potential of the use of ants as bioindicators of the state of environmental conservation, adds important information on the richness and occurrence of ants for the region and presents, above all, an inventory of the species of ants present in an area of APP in a regeneration process that can serve as parameter for subsequent evaluations.

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GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS DO SETOR DE BASE FLORESTAL NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM, PARÁ - (2018)

Wilson Fernandes Ramos, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim, Larissa Melo de Sousa

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The forest based industry is relevant to the world’s economy, since its primary and secondary products are used as raw material for other sectors and services generating employment and income for the population and taxes for the state. In Brazil, the forest industry stands out for the wealth of wood, but it generates a high amount of waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity and the factors responsible for the production of wood residues from the forest-based industries of the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará state. For this purpose, a total of 120 companies were considered that carried out primary and secondary processing, as well as furniture. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied in a sample of 31 companies and observations in loco. The variables were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. It was verified that the companies generated a total of 12.3 thousand m3/month, with a mean of 398.9 m3/month of waste. The number of timber species influenced the amount of waste. It can be concluded from the comparison with other researches with this same theme that the companies generate a significant amount of waste as a consequence of the number of species processed.

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Leptocybe invasa (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) ON Eucalyptus SEEDLINGS IN SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL - (2018)

Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Angelo Peruffo Rodrigues, Amanda Rodrigues de Souza, Barbara de Oliveira Puretz, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, José Cola Zanuncio

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), native from Australia, can severely damage eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plants. This insect was found on Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in May 2015, in Treze de Maio municipality in Santa Catarina state, Brazil.

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LIMITAÇÕES NA PRODUÇÃO DE VINHÁTICO (Plathymenia reticulata Benth) POR MINIESTAQUIA - (2018)

Sara Edy Gomes Lima Pessanha, Deborah Guerra Barroso, Thaís Chagas Barros, Taiane Pires de Freitas de Oliveira, Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de Carvalho, Maura da Cunha

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Vinatic (Plathymenia reticulata Benth.) is one of the native species of Brazil, of economic and environmental interest. Its propagation has been carried out by seeds, however, the difficult access to the matrices, long intervals of fruiting and difficulty of storage, emphasize the importance of techniques that allow the clonal propagation of the species. Studies conducted with vinatic minitumps, coming from seedlings have shown that although the ministumps show good sprouting, the minicutting rooting is very low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of vinatic seedlings by minicutting using different management to induce rooting. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and, in the first experiment, the minitumps were obtained from seedlings produced from progenies of eleven matrices, from which the successive collection of minicuttings was promoted, these being submitted to different concentrations of the IBA growth regulator (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 and 8.000 mg.L-1). In the second experiment, light management (shading at buds base and total shading of minitump) and nutrient were used, with nitrogen application (4 g.L-1 urea) in the minitumps. The minicuttings produced were evaluated for rooting capacity and anatomy at the base of the minicuttings. In the first experiment there was a variation of survival and tip pruning tolerance among the progenies of the matrices analyzed, with emphasis on progeny of the DOM matrix, which presented the highest survival percentage in the first collection (88,2%), and a sensitivity of NELI, ZE1 and ZE2 progenies to the management in the clonal minigarden. Vinatic responded positively to the successive collection of sprouts, with an increase in the number of sprouts produced from the fourth month of collection (210 days). There was no significant effect on rooting of vinatic plants when submitted to increasing concentrations of IBA, nor on the type of light and nitrogen management used to stimulate the minicuttings rooting. No anatomical barriers were observed to the rooting of the minicuttings in the different managements evaluated.

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MÉTODOS DE CONTROLE DE BRAQUIÁRIA (Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) EM ÁREA DE RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE MATA RIPÁRIA, DF - (2018)

Juliene Brito Martins Barbosa, Willian Barros Gomes, Juaci Vitória Malaquias, Fabiana de Gois Aquino, Lidiamar Barbosa de Albuquerque

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Although Brachiaria is an important forage grass for many regions of Brazil, when it occurs in native areas, represents a problem for the functioning of natural ecosystems and threats to plant diversity. The objective was to evaluate three methods of control of Brachiaria, using cover plants and plastic coverage. The study was carried out in banks of Ponte Alta River, Gama, DF, Brazil, an area in process of restoration. The experimental design was three complete randomized blocks in a factorial (4 types of treatments x 2 times), with three replications. The treatments were installed in March/2013 (1st) and December/2013 (2nd), as follows: T1 - planting peanut-forage seedlings (Arachis pintoi Krapov W.C. & Greg.); T2 - plastic coverage (1.20 m x 2 m); T3 - seeding of Stylosanthes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata Vogel + Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa) and T4 - control. The monthly monitoring of the percentage of coverage of the plants was conducted. The percentage of coverage was compared between the two periods and between the treatments by ANOVA and Tukey test. In the first period, there were no significant differences in grass cover among treatments, except for control, which was higher (88.85%). In the second period, the treatments differed among themselves, with less grass cover in plastic coverage (11.65%) and Stylosanthes (19%). The plastic coverage and Stylosanthes (high density) were the most efficient treatments for the control of grass, regardless of period. Native species with potential for the control of aggressive alien species can assist the ecological restoration.

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MINIESTAQUIA DE ERVA-MATE EM QUATRO ÉPOCAS DO ANO - (2018)

Francielen Paola de Sá, Deborah Cristina Portes, Ivar Wendling, Katia Christina Zuffellato Ribas

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Ilex paraguariensis is a forest species that has multiple potentialities, being used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the seminal propagation of the species is difficult due to its low (below 20%) and non-uniform germination and the long period (four to six months) stratification of seeds needed for the breaking of embryo dormancy. The minicutting technique is an alternative to overcome such limitations, therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of yerba mate minicuttings collected at different seasons (July/2014 to May/2015). Minicuttings were prepared with 6 cm (± 1 cm) long and two leaves reduced by half and, the basal portion of the propagules was immersed for 10 second in different hydroalcoholic solutions of IBA (0,200,400,6000 and 8000 mg L-1). After 90 days of installation of the experiments, we evaluated the percentage of rooting, root number and average length of three major roots, percentage of callogenesis, leaf retention, developed shoots and mortality. The spring was the most promising season, providing approximately 70% of rooting and coupled the application of 8000 mg L-1 of the IBA the minicuttings reached the greatest length (4.3 cm) and root number (9.1) as well as the lower callus induction rate (0%). The minicutting collection in the spring and 8000 mg L-1 of the IBA is the most indicated for minicutting technique of yerba mate.

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MODELOS ARQUITETÔNICOS PARA AS ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SUBTROPICAL NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - (2018)

Malcon do Prado Costa, Solon Jonas Longhi

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Architectural models contribute to describe the development and the arrangement of the tree canopy. This knowledge is crucial for the understanding of the behavior of forest trees and it may also help us understand the evolutionary relationships among the taxa. This study is aimed at identifying how rich the architectural models of the arboreal species of a seasonal forest are. The data was gathered from field observations and specialized literature. It presents a list of 53 tree species from the tree flora of the Subtropical Seasonal Forest of the Santa Maria - RS, distributed in 45 genera and 28 families in the tree flora. A total of 13 different architectural models have been recognized. The most prominent models were Rauh, Troll, Scarrone, Roux and Massart. The architectural complexity, reflected by the high number of models described, is due to the development of the canopy in the rest of the study. This work had a pioneering and exploratory character and shall provide a framework for new studies on plant architecture in the subtropical region of Brazil.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BAMBOO FIBER INTO CULM - Guadua angustifolia KUNTH - (2018)

Luz Adriana Sánchez Echeverri, Mario Enrique Rodríguez García

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Studies about lignocellulosic materials have gained importance in the last decades due to the outstanding characteristics that their fibers offer, which becomes in a good alternative to replace synthetic fibers. Lignocellulosic materials such as bamboo have high availability in most of regions around the world due to the adaptation capacity to grow in different areas and diverse climatic conditions. Despite of this fiber has being widely used; their microstructural organization into the culm has not been fully studied. The focus of this research is to study the morphology, distribution and crystalline compounds of fiber in native Colombian Bamboo called Guadua angustifolia Kunth for two varieties Rayada Amarilla and Macana. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe Guadua fiber morphology and their variation throughout the culm, X-ray diffraction was used to identify crystalline compounds present in Guadua angustifolia Kunth and AOAC-2000 methodology (Association Official Agricultural Chemist) was used to get quantitative information about the insoluble and soluble fiber content into Guadua culm. Findings indicated that the insoluble fiber distribution is not homogenous between the internal and external layer of bamboo culm; the fiber content inside of Guadua angustifolia culms increases from inner to outer layer. X-ray patterns showed that the insoluble fiber has a preferential crystalline orientation in relation to the growth direction of bamboo. The combination of scanning electronic microscope and X-ray diffraction offers important information about the localization and morphologic distribution of components inside bamboo culms.

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NUTRIENTES E UMIDADE DO SOLO APÓS A INCORPORAÇÃO DE BIOCARVÃO EM UM PLANTIO DE Eucalyptus benthamii - (2018)

Thiago Woiciechowski, Kátia Cylene Lombardi, Flávio Augusto de Oliveira Garcia, Gabriela Schmitz Gomes

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional and moisture conditions of a soil cultivated with Eucalyptus benthamii, in which it was used biochar coming from the fast pyrolysis of a mixture of native species of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the preparation of the pre-planting. The study was developed in an experimental area of the State University of the Center-West located in Irati, Paraná state. Four doses of biochar, 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1, with and without mineral fertilization of 340 Kg ha-1 of NPK with 14 Kg N, 48 Kg P2O5, 28 Kg K2O in formulation 4-14-8, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings were planted in spacing 3 x 2 meters and, after 60 and 180 days, the following soil attributes were evaluated: pH, organic carbon, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al contents and soil moisture. The application of 40 Mg ha-1 biochar with and without basic fertilization, caused an increase of pH and nutrients due to the ash content in the constitution of the conditioner, and an increase of the soil moisture. The application of biochar may become a positive practice in order to provide nutrients for the initial development of the crop. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of fertility according to the dose applied, since the availability of nutrients may decrease over time, leading to the need for cover fertilization, however in smaller amounts.

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OCORRÊNCIA DE RAÍZES GEMÍFERAS EM Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith (BIGNONIACEAE, LAMIALES) - (2018)

Jales Teixeira Chaves Filho, Jácomo Divino Borges

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The species Tabebuia roseoalba, present in the native flora of cerrado, exhibits vegetative propagation in the natural environment. The presence of underground systems that produce buds in woody tree species is related to survival under environmental disturbances. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze and characterize anatomically the underground system producing shoot-buds in the Tabebuia roseoalba species. The material used in the investigation (plagiotropic roots) were cut into ten centimeters long segments, rinsed with water and planted in plastic pots with vermiculite. The segments were kept in a thermostatic chamber during 60 days. After, the material was hand sectioned and then stained with safranin and methylene blue for the microscopic examination. The results indicate that the underground system analyzed has a characteristic arrangement of roots with the protoxylem poles on the outer side (exarch) and the center of the structure is made up entirely of xylem. The characteristics observed in this work lead to propose that the buds are reparative in which their formation is linked to any environmental disturbance in the underground system.

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PERFIL DOS FRAGMENTOS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA COM REGISTROS DO MUTUM-DO-SUDESTE - (2018)

Elaine Rios, Poliane Farias Santos, Christine Steiner São Bernardo

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Assessing the effects of land use change on biodiversity has become a key issue for species conservation. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the configuration and composition of the landscape where a species occurs. The objective was to draw a profile of the forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest located in the south of Bahia state that present current and historical records of Crax blumenbachii. We analyzed fourteen areas using different spatial scales (patch scale, 500 m, 1 and 2 km) to calculate the total distance and distance from roads and rivers to the edge of the patch, percentage of area occupied by: forest, forest with cabrucas, cabrucas, pasture and agriculture; density of fragments and the proximity of these fragments to the edge of each patch, the area occupied by houses and their distance to the edge of the patch. We selected the 2 km scale to best describe the configuration and composition of the landscape. There are two profiles of areas with records of red-billed curassows: (1) areas with more forested landscapes, rivers and roads, low pasture/agriculture, and near human settlements, and (2) areas distant from houses, near roads and forest fragments. These features are related to areas with recent or historic records of red-billed curassows, and do not necessarily reflect habitat quality for the species.

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PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF METHODOLOGIES FOR VERTICAL STRATIFICATION IN NATIVE FORESTS - (2018)

Edvaldo Nogueira Sousa Neto, Alessandro de Paula, Cristiano Tagliaferre, Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt Barreto Garcia, Dalton Longue Júnior

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Vertical stratification - as well as other environmental phytosociological parameters for uneven-aged stands in forest structures - is one of the factors that regulates the amount of energy present in a forest, although it is often disregarded. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of some commonly used methodologies to characterize the vertical stratification of a forest fragment. Researchers from UESB - State University of Southwest Bahia collected data in a Seasonal Forest fragment located in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The standard method used in the study was the Sociological Position Method. Results were compared to six other methods: IUFRO; Vega; Longhi; Calegário; Souza and Leite; and Hasenauer. The performance of each method was assessed according to the “c” coefficient. Results of the standard method showed 954 individuals (656 dominant; 232 codominant; and 66 dominated). The “c” coefficient was found to be efficient to interpret the performance of these methods. The IUFRO Method showed the best performance when compared to the Sociological Position Methods.

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PERÍODOS DE SECAGEM NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE Licania rigida Benth - (2018)

Eliane Duarte Brandão, Manoel Alexandre Diniz, Luciana Rodrigues de Araújo, Ivandro de França da Silva, Wagner Magno Catão Barbosa, Maria Gabriela Souza Maioli

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. The oiticica (Licania rigida Benth) is a perennial tree species, oilseed, which has great importance in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil by preserving the river margins and the temporary stream. Due to the lack of information regarding the desiccation of oiticica seeds, the study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of its seeds submitted to different drying periods. The experimental design was completely randomized and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. The treatments were evaluated by determining the moisture content, seedling emergence, vigor tests (first count, emergency speed index, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots), and grown analysis (number of leaves, seedling height and stem diameter). Oiticica seeds behave as orthodox, with increase on the emergency when its moisture content is reduced; the critical moisture content below which there is loss of viability is around 6%.

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POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO DE COMBUSTÍVEIS FLORESTAIS EM CULTIVOS DE Pinus elliottii NO SUL DO BRASIL - (2018)

Aires Afonso Mbanze, Dimas Agostinho da Silva, Alexandre França Tetto, José Fernando Pereira, Antonio Carlos Batista

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. In order to determine the potential energy of forest fuels in Pinus elliottii stands, we investigated the best season to collect fuel material considering fuel availability, moisture content, Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and immediate chemical composition, from the plots established and monitored during one year at Rio Negro Research station, Paraná state, Brazil. The year’s seasons (winter, summer, spring and autumn) were considered as experimental blocks while the diameter of the materials (AA, AB and AC) as treatments. These treatments were pre-defined in the following diameter classes: AA, in the upper layer; AB, in the intermediate layer; AC, in the lower layer, all materials up to 0,7 cm; and B, with material of 0.71 to 2.5 cm. The fuel material of all year’s seasons was collected in sub plots of 900 cm2, weighted in the field and taken to the laboratory of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) to carry out the rest of analyzes including: moisture on the dry basis, fuel availability, Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and immediate chemical composition. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were performed to compare the differences between seasons and material classes. Together with low moisture content and greater fuel availability, the mean test showed that, for all material classes, the winter was the best season to collect forest fuel material of Pinus elliottii stands. The results also showed that, for immediate composition and HCV, the mean class AA and B were statistically superior than the other classes. The fuel loading had a considerable density of energetic (12,275.42.105 kcal. ha-1) for bioenergy conversion and utilization.

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PRODUCTIVIDAD DE UN HARVESTER EN RALEOS DE PLANTACIONES DE PINOS EN EL NORESTE ARGENTINO - (2018)

Eduardo Hildt, Patricio Miguel Mac Donagh, Francisco Ferrando Somma, Diego Alegranza, Daniel Durán

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Se analizó la productividad de segundos y terceros raleos en plantaciones de Pinus taeda y Pinus elliottii var. elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis realizados con harvesters de ruedas en el Noreste Argentino. Los árboles cosechados en los segundos raleos presentaron un volumen medio de 0,43 m3 para Pinus taeda de 12 años y 0,36 m3 para pino hibrido de 10 años, mientras que en los terceros raleos este valor fue de 0,71 m3 para Pinus taeda de 13 años y 0,75 m3 para pino hibrido de 15 años respectivamente. Se desarrollaron modelos de tiempos parciales para cada una de las actividades que componen el ciclo operacional y se determinó la influencia del tipo de raleo, especie cosechada, número de productos elaborados, volumen de los árboles y forma de volteo, sobre el tiempo insumido por cada actividad. Los modelos ajustados fueron integrados en un modelo de productividad efectiva consiguiéndose un coeficiente de determinación ajustado R2 Aj de 0,61. El volumen de los árboles resultó significativo para explicar la duración de todas las actividades evaluadas, siendo especialmente determinante en el volteo de los árboles, su desrame y trozado. El tipo de raleo afectó al tiempo de ubicación, mientras que la especie afectó al tiempo de desrame y trozado. La elaboración de hasta tres productos diferentes requirió un mayor tiempo destinado al desrame y trozado. Ocurrió un aumento de la cantidad de productos cuando se realizaron terceros raleos sobre pino hibrido, respecto Pinus taeda.

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RELAÇÕES BIOMÉTRICAS E AMBIENTAIS NO INCREMENTO DIAMÉTRICO DE Araucaria angustifolia NO PLANALTO SERRANO CATARINENSE - (2018)

Pollyni Ricken, André Felipe Hess, Geedre Adriano Borsoi

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This study analyzes the relation between biometric, environmental and morphometric variables and the average annual increase in the diameter of a native forest of Araucaria angustifolia in Lages, SC state. To do so, we used dendrochronological data obtained from 121 dominant and competitor trees. The trees were separated into three diametrical classes, ranging from 10 cm to 29.9 cm (C1), 30 to 49.9 cm (C2) and above 50 cm of DBH (C3). The database was formed by a matrix with 121 trees and 23 environmental, dendrometric and morphometric variables, which included flow direction, flow accumulation, solar radiation, face of insolation, slope, altitude, average diameter increment, diameter at breast height, height, distance (dominant/competitive), canopy rays in the north, south, east and west, basal area, age, average ray of canopy, canopy diameter, canopy area, average diameter increment by geographic direction. These variables were obtained using the algorithms from the Digital Elevation Model of the area. The relations were interpreted based on the results of multivariate analysis, using Cluster analysis, factor analysis and principal component analysis. The trees had diameters ranging from 10 and 87.6 cm and heights between 5.3 and 21 m, with average annual increment in diameter of 0.708 cm, with an average of 40 in retrospective analysis. Together with the use of these techniques, we were able to distinguish two groups and six different factors that explain 81.5% of the variance, being formed by morphometric and biometric characteristics of the increment and the relationships with environmental variables. The techniques of multivariate analysis can be applied to aid the decision-making in forest management, because they proved the correlation between the average increment in diameter (essential to compose the forest cutting cycle) and its relation to environmental factors, index form, space and dimension of individuals.

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SEGURANÇA AMBIENTAL NA ESTAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE ÁGUAS EMENDADAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL - (2018)

Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida, Bruno Gonçalves de Andrade, Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares, Humberto Angelo

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Conservation Units (CUs) have ecological and economic importance and, in Brazil, are divided into two categories: full protection and sustainable use. Within the CUs of full protection are the Ecological Stations (ECST), typology where public visitation is prohibited and that demands an effective security apparatus so that its ecological function is achieved. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze the security of ‘Águas Emendadas’ Ecological Station (AEECST). To do so, from the responses to the questionnaire applied in person to the Environmental Military Police (EMP) of AEECST, it was used the regression analysis to identify the determinants that affect the working conditions of the security in the unit. In addition, it was evaluated the profile of EMP from AEECST by descriptive statistics and investigated working conditions in the unit by correspondence analysis. The determinants for effective security of ESECAE were the contingent size followed by the appreciation of the police by the administration and, finally, the amount of equipment needed to carry out the work of the EMP in the unit. The results showed that the AEECST battalion is experienced and in sufficient quantity, excepting the lack of some basic equipment, in general, working conditions in the unit are satisfactory and the safety is effective, ensuring the limitations of use in the area provided by law.

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VANTAGEM COMPARATIVA E MATRIZ DE COMPETITIVIDADE DO MATE BRASILEIRO E ARGENTINO, NO PERÍODO DE 1997-2011 - (2018)

Elisangela Lobo Schirigatti, João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva, Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida, Anadalvo Juazeiro dos Santos, Neusa de Almeida Rucker

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. This article aims to analyze the performance of exports from Brazil and Argentina in the international mate market. The analysis method used refers to the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (IVCR) of the Brazilian and Argentine mate, during the period from 1997-2011. At the beginning, it was verified the existence of structural breaks of the time series, then, were investigated the rate of market growth and the Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (IVCRS) that were used to identify the mate position of each country in the competitiveness matrix. The results obtained in the whole period showed that both the Brazilian and Argentine mate presented products that have comparative advantage (+) in markets with increasing demand (+).

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VARIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA PAR REFLETIDA PELO SOLO E TRANSMITIDA PELO DOSSEL EM FLORESTA INUNDÁVEL NO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE - (2018)

Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais, Luciana Sanches, Vanessa Rakel de Moraes Dias, Nadja Gomes Machado, Ludymilla Barboza da Silva, Aryadne Marcia Aquino

Volume: 28 - Issue: 4

Resumo. Ground cover and the vegetation type influence radiative flux through reflectance off the soil beneath the canopy and by transmittance from the canopy. Here, we analyze spatial and temporal variation in reflected photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), from soil in a seasonally flooded forest dominated by Vochysia divergens Pohl in a wetland area of Mato-Grosso State, Brazil. The study area was divided into 5 transects with 11 sampling points, totaling 55 measured points and samples were taken between December 2011 and November 2012. The spatial distribution of reflected PAR was assessed by applying the spherical model to semivariograms. We found a negative correlation between leaf area index and canopy transmittance, PAR below the canopy and PAR reflected by soil, and a positive correlation between PAR below the canopy and PAR reflected by soil. Our results indicate the spatial dependence of reflected PAR during the 9 months of the study. The most common range between the semivariograms was 100 m in December/2011, January/2011 and November/2012, and the greatest range was in June/2012. These variations in reflected PAR are likely caused by differences in topographical elevation, moisture buildup and vegetation differences which have the capacity to alter soil color and/or cover, thereby altering light reflection.

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A INFLUÊNCIA DAS DIFERENTES TIPOLOGIAS DE FLORESTA URBANA NO MICROCLIMA DO ENTORNO IMEDIATO - (2018)

Angeline Martini, Daniela Biondi, Antonio Carlos Batista

Volume: 28 - Issue: 3

Resumo. The urban forest generates a microclimate more pleasant for the human being, in its interior as in the near external areas. Thus, the main goal of this research was to analyze the influence that the different typologies of urban forest exert in their immediate surrounding, highlighting quantitatively the differences between the internal and external microclimate to these areas. For this, areas of different types of urban forest were selected in the city of Curitiba-PR: Remaining Forest, Old Green Area, Modern Green Area, Street Trees and Isolated Tree. The influence in the immediate surrounding was analyzed with the mobile transect method, traveling 500 m away from a street adjacent to the selected area, with data collection every 50 m. The results indicate statistical differences between the internal and external microclimate to the typologies of urban forest. During the transect, the temperature was on average 2.3 ° C higher than in the interior of the urban forest typologies, the relative humidity was lower in 4.6 units and the wind velocity 0.2 m / s higher. The greatest difference in temperature and relative humidity between the internal and external environment was found in the Remaining Forest and the smallest in the Street Trees. It is concluded that the different typologies of urban forest exert a significant influence on the immediate surrounding microclimate.

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ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO (Bambusa vulgaris) FOR METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL: PREDICTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS - (2018)

Gregório Mateus Santana, Roberto Carlos Costa Lelis, Juarez Benigno Paes, Rayssa de Medeiros Morais, Cláudio Rocha Lopes, Carlos Roberto de Lima

Volume: 28 - Issue: 3

Resumo. Activated carbon (AC) is an essential product for the removal of environmental contaminants, but the high production costs limit its use. In this work, AC was produced from bamboo through simultaneous direct physical-chemical activation (by using phosphoric acid and water steam), at 500 ºC for 1 hour, to evaluate its adsorption effectiveness for methylene blue dye (MB). Adsorption kinetic and equilibrium studies at batch system were realized at room temperature (to evaluate the adsorption influence of the MB dye over the produced AC) and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms systems were selected for understanding the adsorption process. The produced AC showed a relatively high value of surface area equal to 1354.42 m².g-1. The required contact time for the MB to reach equilibrium was 12 hours. The adsorption performance was better delineated by the Langmuir isotherm, which maximum adsorption capacity was of 374.75 mg.g-1. In addition, the RL dimensionless factor reveled the favorable nature of the adsorption process in the used conditions. The results obtained in this study recommend the use of the produced AC from bamboo in the treatment of the water contaminated by the MB dye, foremost in higher concentrations than limits admitted by the legislation. Finally, complementary researches must be conducted to improve, even more, the quality of the produced material.

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